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EL
ǽǾǼȄdzǷǽǼǿǥǯǻǶǸ
ɉɨɩɪɢ ɬɟ ɳɨ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨʀ ɜɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɿ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨɫɬɿ ɞɨ ɧɚɥɟɠɧɢɯ
ɞɿɸɱɢɯɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɯɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɿɜɬɚɦɚɸɬɶɡɚɯɢɫɬɭɜɫɿɯɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨ
ɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɢɯ ɦɿɫɰɹɯ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɭɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢ ɡɚɫɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɿ
ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨɡɚɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹɦɳɨɛɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢ
ɧɟɳɚɫɧɢɯɜɢɩɚɞɤɿɜɬɚɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɶɁɛɟɪɿɝɚɣɬɟɰɟɣɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭɞɨɫɬɭɩ-
ɧɨɦɭɦɿɫɰɿɞɥɹɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɿɣɭɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭɁɚɧɚɦɿɪɭɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɢɰɟɣ
ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɿɧɲɨɦɭ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɭ ɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɿɹ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɫɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɠɭɜɚɬɢ
ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ
ǽǾǶǵǻǮȅdzǻǻȍ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɞɥɹɫɬɿɤɚɧɧɹɪɨɡɬɨɩɥɟɧɨɝɨɲɨ-
ɤɨɥɚɞɭɚɛɨɫɯɨɠɢɯɪɿɞɢɧɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɫɨɭɫɢɪɨɡɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɢɪ ɿ ɬɩ
ɡ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɨɧɶ ɜɟɠɿ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɸɱɢ ɟɮɟɤɬ ³ɮɨɧɬɚɧɭ´ ɉɿɞ ɱɚɫ
ɪɨɛɨɬɢɦɨɠɧɚɡɚɧɭɪɸɜɚɬɢɲɦɚɬɨɱɤɢʀɠɿɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɮɪɭɤɬɢɩɟɱɢɜɨ
ɨɜɨɱɿɿɬɩɭɪɿɞɢɧɭ
ȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɢɜ ɠɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɩɪɢ-
ɫɬɪɨɸ ɰɟ ɡɜɿɥɶɧɹɽ ɣɨɝɨ ɜɿɞ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɚ ɡɛɢɬɤɢ ɛɭɞɶɹɤɨɝɨ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɫɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɿ ɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɿɦ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ ɇɟɧɚ-
ɥɟɠɧɟɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɫɤɚɫɨɜɭɽɝɚɪɚɧɬɿɸɭɜɫɿɯʀʀɩɪɨɹɜɚɯ
ǵǮǿȀdzǾdzǴdzǻǻȍǵǯdzǵǽdzǸǶ
ɍȼȺɀɇɈɉɊɈɑɂɌȺɃɌȿȱɇɋɌɊɍɄɐȱȲɉȿ-
ɊȿȾɉɈɑȺɌɄɈɆȼɂɄɈɊɂɋɌȺɇɇə
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɪɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣɞɥɹɞɨɦɚɲɧɶɨɝɨɜɢɤɨ-
ɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ȼɢɪɨɛɧɢɤɧɟɧɟɫɟɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɿɫɬɶɡɚɧɟɩɪɚ-
ɜɢɥɶɧɟ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɡɚ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɟɭɰɶɨɦɭɩɨɫɿɛɧɢɤɭ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɛɟɪɿɝɚɬɢ ɨɪɢɝɿɧɚɥɶɧɭ ɭɩɚ-
ɤɨɜɤɭɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɛɟɡɤɨɲɬɨɜɧɿɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɿɩɨɫɥɭɝɢ
ɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚɱɟɧɿɭɜɢɩɚɞɤɭɩɨɥɨɦɨɤɫɩɪɢɱɢ-
ɧɟɧɢɯɧɟɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɸɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɨɸɜɢɪɨɛɭɩɿɞɱɚɫ
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɞɨȺɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɨɝɨɫɟɪɜɿɫ-
ɧɨɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɭ
ȼɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭɸɱɢɯ ɳɨ ɧɟ ɧɚɥɟ-
ɠɚɬɶɞɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɢɯɚɛɨɧɚɞɚɧɢɯɜɢɪɨɛ-
ɧɢɤɨɦɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɦɨɠɟɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɞɨɪɢɡɢɤɭ
ɩɨɠɟɠɿ ɜɪɚɠɟɧɧɹ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦ ɫɬɪɭɦɨɦ ɬɚ
ɦɨɠɟɡɚɜɞɚɬɢɲɤɨɞɭɨɫɨɛɚɦ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɽ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɭ ȯɋ ʋ
ɜɿɞ ɳɨɞɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɿɜ
ɹɤɿɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɸɬɶɡɯɚɪɱɨɜɢɦɢɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ
ɐɢɦ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɞɿɬɢ
ɜɿɤɨɦɜɿɞ ɪɨɤɿɜɿɫɬɚɪɲɟɹɤɿ ɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ
ɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦɚɛɨɩɪɨɣɲɥɢɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɚɠɳɨɞɨ
ɛɟɡɩɟɱɧɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸɬɚɭɫɜɿ-
ɞɨɦɥɸɸɬɶɪɢɡɢɤɢɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɿɡɣɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫ-
ɬɚɧɧɹɦ Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɿ ɞɨɝɥɹɞɭ ɡ ɛɨɤɭ
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɱɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɞɿɬɶ-
ɦɢɹɤɿ ɦɨɥɨɞɲɿ ɪɨɤɿɜɬɚ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɛɭɜɚɸɬɶ
ɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɬɚɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɡɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɢɫɶɩɨɡɚɡɨɧɨɸɞɨɫɹɠɧɨɫɬɿ
ɞɿɬɟɣɹɤɿɦɨɥɨɞɲɿɪɨɤɿɜ
Ⱦɿɬɹɦɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɝɪɚɬɢɫɹɡɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɢ ɡ
ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɢɦɢɮɿɡɢɱɧɢɦɢɫɟɧɫɨɪɧɢɦɢɬɚɦɟɧ-
ɬɚɥɶɧɢɦɢɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɫɬɹɦɢɚɛɨɡ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦ
ɞɨɫɜɿɞɨɦɿɡɧɚɧɧɹɦɢɬɿɥɶɤɢɹɤɳɨɜɨɧɢɩɟɪɟ-
ɛɭɜɚɸɬɶɩɿɞɧɚɝɥɹɞɨɦɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɚɥɶɧɨʀɨɫɨɛɢ
ɚɛɨɹɤɳɨɩɪɨɣɲɥɢɿɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɚɠɳɨɞɨɛɟɡɩɟɱ-
ɧɨɝɨɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɧɧɹɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɬɚɭɫɜɿɞɨɦɥɸ-
ɸɬɶɪɢɡɢɤɢɩɨɜ¶ɹɡɚɧɿɡɣɨɝɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹɦ
ȿɥɟɦɟɧɬɢɭɩɚɤɨɜɤɢɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹɭ
ɡɨɧɿɞɨɫɹɠɧɨɫɬɿɞɿɬɟɣɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢɜɨɧɢɽɩɨɬɟɧ-
ɰɿɣɧɢɦɢɞɠɟɪɟɥɚɦɢɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ
əɤɳɨ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɭɬɢɥɿɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɹɤɨɫɬɿ ɜɿɞɯɨ-
ɞɿɜɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɡɧɹɬɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɳɨɛ
ɡɪɨɛɢɬɢɣɨɝɨɧɟɩɪɢɞɚɬɧɢɦɞɨɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ
ɑɚɫɬɢɧɢɩɪɢɥɚɞɭɳɨɦɨɠɭɬɶɛɭɬɢɧɟɛɟɡɩɟɱ-
ɧɢɦɢɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɛɭɬɢɡɧɟɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɿ
Ⱦɿɫɬɚɧɶɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɡɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɹɤɳɨɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɟɜɢ-
ɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɽɬɶɫɹɬɚɳɨɪɚɡɭɩɟɪɟɞɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦɨɩɟ-
ɪɚɰɿʀɬɟɯɧɿɱɧɨɝɨɨɛɫɥɭɝɨɜɭɜɚɧɧɹɚɛɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɧɭɪɸɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɭ ɜɨɞɭ
ɚɛɨɿɧɲɿɪɿɞɢɧɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɧɚɦɢ ɩɿɞ
ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɸɧɚɩɪɭɝɨɸɞɨɜɨɞɢɪɢɡɢɤɤɨɪɨɬ-
ɤɨɝɨɡɚɦɢɤɚɧɧɹ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɛɟɡɧɚɝɥɹɞɭɤɨɥɢɜɿɧ
ɩɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɢɣɞɨɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨʀɦɟɪɟɠɿ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɧɚɝɨɪɢ-
ɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɿɣɫɬɿɣɤɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ
ɩɿɫɥɹ ɩɚɞɿɧɧɹ ɹɤɳɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɧɿ ɨɡɧɚɤɢ ɩɨ-
ɲɤɨ
ɞɠɟɧɶ Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ
ɩɪɢ
ɫɬɪɨɽɦ ɹɤɳɨ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɱɢ ɜɢɥ-
ɤɚ ɩɨɲɤɨɞɠɟɧɿ ɚɛɨ ɹɤɳɨ ɫɚɦ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɧɟ-
ɫɩɪɚɜɧɢɣɍɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɡɪɟɦɨɧɬɭɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢ
ɡɚɦɿɧɭɤɚɛɟɥɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚ-
ɬɢɫɹ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨ ɋɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ³$ULHWH´
ɚɛɨɭɩɨɜɧɨɜɚɠɟɧɢɦɢɬɟɯɧɿɤɚɦɢ³$ULHWH´ɳɨɛ
ɭɧɢɤɧɭɬɢɛɭɞɶɹɤɢɯɪɢɡɢɤɿɜ
ɉɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɭ ɩɪɢ-
ɦɿɳɟɧɧɿɡɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦɨɫɜɿɬɥɟɧɧɹɦɬɚɡɥɟɝɤɨ
ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɸɪɨɡɟɬɤɨɸ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɧɚ
ɧɚɯɢɥɟɧɿɣɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɿ
ȿɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɣɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɟɧɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɭɜɚ-
ɬɢɡɝɚɪɹɱɢɦɢɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɹɦɢ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɤɨɪɢɫɬɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɧɚ
ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɦɭɩɨɜɿɬɪɿ
ɇɟɡɚɥɢɲɚɣɬɟɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɿɞɞɿɽɸɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪ-
ɧɢɯɹɜɢɳɞɨɳɫɨɧɰɟɿɬɩ
ɉɪɨɞɭɤɰɿɹ ɧɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɢɫɹɡɚ ɞɨɩɨ-
ɦɨɝɨɸɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɯɬɚɣɦɟɪɿɜɚɛɨɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ
ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤɡɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɿɣɧɢɦɤɟɪɭɜɚɧ-
ɧɹɦ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɫɬɚɜɢɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɡɜɟɪɯɭɚɛɨ
ɩɨɪɭɱɡɞɠɟɪɟɥɚɦɢɬɟɩɥɚ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɡɚɥɢɜɚɬɢɭɱɚɲɭɧɟɩɟɪɟɞɛɚ-
ɱɟɧɿɿɧɝɪɟɞɿɽɧɬɢɞɢɜɪɨɡɞɿɥ ³ȱɇɋɌɊɍɄɐȱȲ Ɂ
ȼɂɄɈɊɂɋɌȺɇɇə´
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨʀ ɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɜɢɪɨɛɭ ɜɿɞ-
ɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ ɞɨ ȯɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨʀ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɢ
ȯɋ ɫɥɿɞ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɢ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɶ-
ɧɢɣɚɪɤɭɲɳɨɞɨɞɚɽɬɶɫɹɞɨɜɢɪɨɛɭ
ǵǯdzǾǥDZǮǷȀdzȄȌǥǻǿȀǾȁǸ-
ȄǥȌ
'(6&5,=,21('(//·$33$5(&&+,2
$ Ɉɫɧɨɜɚ ) ɒɩɢɥɶɤɢɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹɜɟɠɿ
% ɑɚɲɚ *Ɉɛɟɪɬɨɜɢɣɲɬɢɮɬ
& ɒɧɟɤ + Ɋɭɱɤɚɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ
' Ɉɩɨɪɚɤɪɿɩɥɟɧɧɹɜɟɠɿ , Ʌɚɦɩɚɪɨɛɨɬɢ
Eȼɟɠɚ
ǽdzǾdzDzǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍǺ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɿ ɤɚɛɟɥɶ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ
ɩɨɛɥɢɡɭ ɚɛɨ ɧɚɞ ɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɬɚ ɝɚɡɨɜɢɦɢ ɩɟɱɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɛɿɥɹ
ɦɿɤɪɨɯɜɢɥɶɨɜɢɯɩɟɱɟɣ
ɍɧɢɤɚɣɬɟɬɨɝɨɳɨɛɤɚɛɟɥɶɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɜɡɚɤɪɚɣɫɬɨɥɭɚɛɨɩɨɜɟɪɯ-
ɧɿɍɧɢɤɚɣɬɟɬɨɝɨɳɨɛɞɿɬɢɫɯɨɩɢɜɲɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɦɨɝɥɢɩɟɪɟɜɟɪ-
ɧɭɬɢɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ
ǺȜțȠȎȔ
ɉɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶ ɿ ɜɢɫɭɲɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɞɨɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɫɶ ɜɤɚɡɿɜɨɤ ɿɡ ɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ
³ɑɂɋɌɄȺȱȾɈȽɅəȾ´
ȼɫɬɚɧɨɜɿɬɶɲɧɟɤ&ɧɚɨɛɟɪɬɨɜɢɣɲɬɢɮɬ*
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɨɩɨɪɭ'ɜɧɢɠɧɸɱɚɫɬɢɧɭɜɟɠɿ(
Ɋɨɡɬɚɲɭɣɬɟɜɟɠɭɧɚɲɧɟɤɭɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɱɢɨɩɨɪɭ'ɭɲɩɢɥɶɤɢɤɪɿ-
ɩɥɟɧɧɹ)
ǽȜȝȓȞȓȒțȳȗțȎȑȞȳȐ
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɨɦ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨɜɢɤɨɧɚɬɢ ɩɨɩɟ-
ɪɟɞɧɿɣɧɚɝɪɿɜ
ȼɫɬɚɜɬɟɜɢɥɤɭɜɪɨɡɟɬɤɭɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭɹɤɚɨɛɥɚɞɧɚɧɚɡɚ-
ɡɟɦɥɟɧɧɹɦ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ+ɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ³,´Ɂɚɝɨɪɢɬɶɫɹɥɚɦɩɚ
ɪɨɛɨɬɢ,
ɉɿɫɥɹɯɜɢɥɢɧɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɞɨɫɹɝɚɽɧɚɥɟɠɧɨɝɨɪɿɜɧɹɩɨɩɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ-
ɝɨɧɚɝɪɿɜɭ
ǽǥǿǹȍǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ɋɭɜɨɪɨɡɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɬɨɪɤɚɬɢɫɹɲɧɟɤɚɩɿɞɱɚɫɣɨɝɨɪɭɯɭ
Usare cioccolato già fuso (o un liquido di consistenza simile).
L’apparecchio non deve essere usato per fondere il cioccolato
solido.
ɇɚɥɢɣɬɟɪɨɡɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɣɲɨɤɨɥɚɞ ɜɱɚɲɭ%əɤɳɨɲɨɤɨɥɚɞɞɭɠɟ
ɝɭɫɬɢɣɞɨɞɚɣɬɟɨɞɧɭɥɨɠɤɭɪɨɫɥɢɧɧɨʀɨɥɿʀɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɫɨɧɹɲɧɢɤɨ-
ɜɨʀɑɚɲɚɦɨɠɟɜɦɿɳɭɜɚɬɢɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨɤɝɪɨɡɬɨɩɥɟɧɨɝɨɲɨɤɨɥɚ-
ɞɭ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ+ɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ³,,´ɒɧɟɤ&ɩɨɱɧɟ
ɨɛɟɪɬɚɬɢɫɹɒɨɤɨɥɚɞɛɭɞɟɩɿɞɧɿɦɚɬɢɫɹɜɝɨɪɭɿɫɬɿɤɚɬɢɩɨɜɟɠɿ
ɍ ɪɨɡɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɲɨɤɨɥɚɞ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɚɧɭɪɸɜɚɬɢ ɮɪɭɤɬɢ ɩɟɱɢɜɨ ɬɚ
ɿɧɲɭʀɠɭɡɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɞɟɪɟɜ¶ɹɧɨɝɨɲɚɦɩɭɪɚɚɛɨɫɯɨɠɨɝɨɩɪɟɞɦɟ-
ɬɭɁɚɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸɥɨɠɤɢɜɢɞɚɥɹɣɬɟɦɨɠɥɢɜɿɬɜɟɪɞɿɡɚɥɢɲɤɢʀɠɿɹɤɿ
ɦɨɠɭɬɶɩɟɪɟɲɤɨɞɠɚɬɢɪɨɛɨɬɿɲɧɟɤɚ
ǽǥǿǹȍǰǶǸǼǾǶǿȀǮǻǻȍ
ɉɨɜɟɪɧɿɬɶɪɭɱɤɭɜɜɿɦɤɧɟɧɧɹ+ɭɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɹ³´
ȼɢɞɚɥɿɬɶɡɚɥɢɲɤɢɲɨɤɨɥɚɞɭɁɚɛɚɠɚɧɧɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɬɢɲɨɤɨɥɚɞ
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɡɛɟɪɿɬɶɣɨɝɨɭɽɦɤɿɫɬɶɩɨɤɢɜɿɧɭɪɿɞɤɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɿ
ɉɨɱɢɫɬɿɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɨɞɪɚɡɭ ɩɿɫɥɹ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɹ Ⱦɨɬɪɢɦɭɣɬɟɫɶ
ɜɤɚɡɿɜɨɤɿɡɪɨɡɞɿɥɭ³ɑɂɋɌɄȺȱȾɈȽɅəȾ´
ȅǶǿȀǸǮǥDzǼDZǹȍDz
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɢɣ ɞɨɝɥɹɞ ɿ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɞɨɩɨɦɚɝɚɸɬɶ ɩɿɞɬɪɢɦɭɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣ ɭ
ɪɨɛɨɱɨɦɭɫɬɚɧɿɿɩɨɞɨɜɠɭɸɬɶɣɨɝɨɫɬɪɨɤɟɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɿʀ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
ȼɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀ ɱɢɫɬɤɢ ɳɨɨɩɢɫɚɧɿ ɧɢɠɱɟɩɨɜɢɧɧɿ ɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ
ɡɜɢɦɤɧɭɬɢɦ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɨɽɦɬɚ ɜɿɞ¶ɽɞɧɚɧɨɸ ɜɢɥɤɨɸɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞ
ɪɨɡɟɬɤɢɟɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨɫɬɪɭɦɭ
ȼɫɿɨɩɟɪɚɰɿʀɱɢɫɬɤɢɬɚɞɨɝɥɹɞɭɩɨɜɢɧɧɿɜɢɤɨɧɭɜɚɬɢɫɹɩɿɫɥɹɬɨɝɨ
ɹɤɩɪɢɫɬɪɿɣɩɨɜɧɿɫɬɸɨɯɨɥɨɧɭɜ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɞɿɣɫɧɸɜɚɬɢ ɫɩɪɨɛɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɦɨɧɬɭ
Ɂɚɜɠɞɢ ɡɜɟɪɬɚɣɬɟɫɹ ɞɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɢɯ ɫɟɪɜɿɫɧɢɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɿɜ ɬɚ
ɬɟɯɧɿɤɿɜ³$ULHWH´
ȅȖȟȠȘȎȜȟțȜȐȖ
ȁȐȎȑȎ
Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɧɭɪɸɜɚɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɭ ɜɨɞɭ Ɂɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹ
ɦɢɬɢɭɩɨɫɭɞɨɦɢɣɧɿɣɦɚɲɢɧɿɁɚɛɨɪɨɧɹɽɬɶɫɹɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ
ɚɝɪɟɫɢɜɧɿɦɢɸɱɿɡɚɫɨɛɢɚɛɨɪɨɡɱɢɧɧɢɤɢɹɤɿɦɨɠɭɬɶɩɨɲɤɨɞɢɬɢ
ɩɥɚɫɬɢɤ
ƴƸƧƵƫƬƚƮƧƵƱƲƣƳƟƯƧƥƸƧƫƳƞƦƫƱ
ȂȠȜȠȞȩIJȚȠȚıȣıțİȣȑȢțĮIJĮıțİȣȐıIJȘțĮȞıȪȝijȦȞĮȝİIJȚȢʌȡȠįȚĮȖȡĮijȑȢ
IJȦȞțİȓȝİȞȦȞİȣȡȦʌĮȧțȫȞįȚĮIJȐȟİȦȞțĮȚțĮIJȐıȣȞȑʌİȚĮİȓȞĮȚʌȡȠıIJĮ-
IJİȣȝȑȞİȢıİȩȜĮIJĮįȣȞȘIJȚțȐİʌȚțȓȞįȣȞĮİȟĮȡIJȒȝĮIJĮįȚĮȕȐıIJİ ʌȡȠıİ-
țIJȚțȐIJȚȢʌȡȠİȚįȠʌȠȚȒıİȚȢIJȠȣʌĮȡȩȞIJȠȢțĮȚȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ȝȠȞȐȤĮȖȚĮIJȠıțȠʌȩʌȠȣʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijȪȖİIJİĮIJȣȤȒȝĮIJĮ
țĮȚ ȗȘȝȚȑȢ ĭȣȜȐȟIJİ ʌȡȩȤİȚȡȠ IJȠ İȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠ ĮȣIJȩ ȖȚĮ ȞĮ ȝʌȠȡİȓIJİ ȞĮ
IJȠıȣȝȕȠȣȜİȪİıIJİıIJȠȝȑȜȜȠȞǹȞʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȞĮįȫıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİ
țȐʌȠȚȠȐȜȜȠȐIJȠȝȠșȣȝȘșİȓIJİȞĮIJȠȣ ʌĮȡĮįȫıİIJİ ȝĮȗȓ țĮȚ IJȠ ʌĮȡȩȞ
İȖȤİȚȡȓįȚȠ
ƲƳƱƤƭƧƲƟƮƧƯƩƸƳƝƴƩ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚȖȚĮIJȘȞİțȡȠȒȜȚȦȝȑȞȘȢıȠțȠȜȐIJĮȢ
ȒȐȜȜȦȞʌĮȡȩȝȠȚȦȞȣȖȡȫȞȖȚĮʌĮȡȐįİȚȖȝĮıȐȜIJıİȢȜȚȦȝȑȞȠIJȣȡȓțȜʌ
ʌȐȞȦıIJȚȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢIJȠȣʌȣȡȖȓıțȠȣȑIJıȚȫıIJİȞĮįȘȝȚȠȣȡȖİȓ©ıȣȞIJȡȚ-
ȕȐȞȚªȀĮIJȐIJȘįȚȐȡțİȚĮIJȘȢȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢȝʌȠȡİȓIJİȞĮȡȓȟİIJİȝȑıĮıIJȠȣȖȡȩ
țĮȚȐȜȜĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮȖȚĮʌĮȡȐįİȚȖȝĮijȡȠȪIJĮȝʌȚıțȩIJĮȜĮȤĮȞȚțȐțȜʌ
ȅʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİ ȐȜȜȘ ȤȡȒıȘ įİȞ ʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚ Įʌȩ IJȠȞ țĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩ
ȠȓțȠʌȠȣıȣȞİʌȫȢĮʌĮȜȜȐııİIJĮȚĮʌȩȠʌȠȚĮįȒʌȠIJİİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȗȘȝȚȑȢ
țȐșİ ijȪıȘȢ ʌȠȣ ȠijİȓȜȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘȞ ĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘ ȤȡȒıȘ IJȘȢȝȘȤĮȞȒȢ Ǿ
ĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘȤȡȒıȘȑȤİȚıĮȞıȣȞȑʌİȚĮIJȘȞĮțȪȡȦıȘȠʌȠȚĮıįȒʌȠIJİȝȠȡ-
ijȒȢİȖȖȪȘıȘȢ
ƴƩƮƣƯƵƫƬƜƴƲƳƱƧƫƦƱƲƱƫƝ-
ƴƧƫƴ
ǻǿǹǺDZȈȉǼȆȇȅȈǼȀȉǿȀDZ ȉǿȈ ȆǹȇǹȀDZȉȍ
ȅǻǾīǴǼȈ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȠȠȡȓȗİIJĮȚĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐȖȚĮȠȚțȚ-
ĮțȒȤȡȒıȘ
ǻİȞĮȞĮȜĮȝȕȐȞȠȣȝİțĮȝȓĮİȣșȪȞȘȖȚĮȜĮȞșĮ-
ıȝȑȞȘȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢȒȖȚĮțȐʌȠȚĮȐȜȜȘ
ȤȡȒıȘʌȠȣįİȞĮȞĮijȑȡİIJĮȚıIJȠʌĮȡȩȞ
ȈȣȞȚıIJȠȪȝİ ȞĮ ijȣȜȐııİIJİ IJĮ ȣȜȚțȐ ıȣıțİȣ-
ĮıȓĮȢ IJȠȣ İȡȖȠıIJĮıȓȠȣ įİįȠȝȑȞȠȣ ȩIJȚ įİȞ
ʌȡȠȕȜȑʌİIJĮȚ įȦȡİȐȞ IJİȤȞȚțȒ ȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘ ȖȚĮ
IJȚȢȗȘȝȚȑȢʌȠȣʌȡȠțȜȒșȘțĮȞĮʌȩĮțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘ
ıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮIJȠȣʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢțĮIJȐIJȘȞĮʌȠıIJȠ-
ȜȒĮʌȩȑȞĮİȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞȠȀȑȞIJȡȠȉİȤȞȚțȒȢ
ȊʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢ
ǾȤȡȒıȘİȟĮȡIJȘȝȐIJȦȞʌȠȣįİȞıȣȞȚıIJȐȒįİȞ
ȑȤİȚʌȡȠȝȘșİȪıİȚȠțĮIJĮıțİȣĮıIJȚțȩȢȠȓțȠȢIJȘȢ
ıȣıțİȣȒȢȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮİȞȑȤİȚțȓȞįȣȞȠʌȣȡțĮȖȚȐȢ
ȘȜİțIJȡȠʌȜȘȟȓĮȢȒIJȡĮȣȝĮIJȚıȝȠȪ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒıȣȝȝȠȡijȫȞİIJĮȚȝİIJȘȞȠįȘȖȓĮǼȀ
ȊʌĮȡIJȘȢʌİȡȓȣȜȚțȫȞ
ıİİʌĮijȒȝİIJĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮ
ǹȣIJȒȘıȣıțİȣȒȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȘșİȓĮʌȩ
ʌĮȚįȚȐȘȜȚțȓĮȢİIJȫȞțĮȚʌȐȞȦİijȩıȠȞİʌȚIJȘ-
ȡȠȪȞIJĮȚ ȒĮȞ IJȠȣȢ ȑȤȠȣȞ įȠșİȓ ȠȚ ȠįȘȖȓİȢ ʌȠȣ
İȓȞĮȚĮʌĮȡĮȓIJȘIJİȢȖȚĮIJȘȞĮıijĮȜȒȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣ-
ıțİȣȒȢțĮȚțĮIJĮȞȠȠȪȞIJȠȣȢıȤİIJȚțȠȪȢțȚȞįȪȞȠȣȢ
ȅȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢIJȘȢıȣ-
ıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣİȓȞĮȚĮȡȝȠįȚȩIJȘIJĮIJȠȣȤȡȒıIJȘįİȞ
İʌȚIJȡȑʌȠȞIJĮȚıİʌĮȚįȚȐțȐIJȦIJȦȞİIJȫȞȤȦȡȓȢ
IJȘȞ İʌȓȕȜİȥȘİȞȩȢ İȞȒȜȚțĮ ȂȘȞ İʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJİ ıİ
ʌĮȚįȚȐȝȚțȡȩIJİȡĮĮʌȩȤȡȠȞȫȞȞĮʌȜȘıȚȐȗȠȣȞ
IJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠ
IJĮ ʌĮȚįȚȐ įİȞ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ ʌĮȓȗȠȣȞ ȝİ IJȘ ıȣ-
ıțİȣȒ
ǾȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢİʌȚIJȡȑʌİIJĮȚıİȐIJȠȝĮ
ȝİİȚįȚțȑȢĮȞȐȖțİȢȒȐIJȠȝĮȝİİȜȜȚʌİȓȢȖȞȫıİȚȢ
țĮȚĮȞİʌĮȡțȒʌİȓȡĮȝȠȞȐȤĮĮȞİʌȚIJȘȡȠȪȞIJĮȚ
ĮʌȩȑȞĮȞȣʌİȪșȣȞȠȒĮȞȑȤȠȣȞİțʌĮȚįİȣIJİȓțĮȚ
ȑȤȠȣȞ țĮIJĮȞȠȒıİȚIJȚȢ ȠįȘȖȓİȢ țĮȚIJȠȣȢ țȚȞįȪ-
ȞȠȣȢʌȠȣʌĮȡȠȣıȚȐȗȠȞIJĮȚțĮIJȐIJȘȞȤȡȒıȘIJȘȢ
ıȣıțİȣȒȢ
ȉĮȣȜȚțȐıȣıțİȣĮıȓĮȢįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȖțĮIJĮ-
ȜİȓʌȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘįȚȐșİıȘȝȚțȡȫȞʌĮȚįȚȫȞįİįȠ-
ȝȑȞȠȣȩIJȚĮʌȠIJİȜȠȪȞʌȘȖȒțȚȞįȪȞȠȣ
ǵIJĮȞʌȡȩțİȚIJĮȚȞĮʌİIJȐȟİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțȩȥIJİ
IJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȖȚĮȞĮIJȘȞĮȤȡȘıIJİȪ-
ıİIJİȀĮIJĮıIJȒıIJİĮıijĮȜȒIJĮIJȝȒȝĮIJĮIJȘȢıȣ-
ıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮİȓȞĮȚİʌȚțȓȞįȣȞĮ
ȃĮ ȕȖȐȗİIJİ IJȠ ijȚȢ Įʌȩ IJȘȞ ʌȡȓȗĮ ȩIJĮȞ įİȞ
ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚʌȡȚȞĮʌȩțȐșİ
İʌȑȝȕĮıȘıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢȒțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪ
ȂȘȞȕȣșȓȗİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȞİȡȩȒȐȜȜĮȣȖȡȐ
ȂȘȞȕȡȑȤİIJİʌȠIJȑIJĮȝȑȡȘIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢʌȠȣ
ȑȤȠȣȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒIJȐıȘțȓȞįȣȞȠȢȕȡĮȤȣțȣțȜȫ-
ȝĮIJȠȢ
ȂȘȞ ĮijȒȞİIJİ IJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒ ıIJȘȞ ʌȡȓȗĮ ȩIJĮȞ
ĮʌȠȝĮțȡȪȞİıIJİĮʌȩIJȠȤȫȡȠʌȠȣȕȡȓıțİIJĮȚ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒıİȝȚĮȠȡȚȗȩȞIJȚĮțĮȚ
ıIJĮșİȡȒİʌȚijȐȞİȚĮ
ǾıȣıțİȣȒįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJĮȚĮȞ
ȑȤİȚ ʌȑıİȚ țȐIJȦ țĮȚ ĮȞ ȑȤİȚ İȝijĮȞȒ ıȘȝȐįȚĮ
ȗȘȝȚȐȢȂȘȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȞʌĮ-
ȡȠȣıȚȐȗİȚțȐʌȠȚĮĮȞȦȝĮȜȓĮȒȣʌȐȡȤİȚȗȘȝȚȐ
ȒijșȠȡȐıIJȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠȒIJȠijȚȢIJȠȣ
ǵȜİȢ ȠȚ İʌȚıțİȣȑȢ țĮȚ Ș ĮȞIJȚțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘ IJȠȣ
ȘȜİțIJȡȚțȠȪ țĮȜȦįȓȠȣ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ İțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚ
ĮʌȠțȜİȚıIJȚțȐ Įʌȩ İȟȠȣıȚȠįȠIJȘȝȑȞĮ țȑȞIJȡĮ
IJİ
ȤȞȚțȒȢȣʌȠıIJȒȡȚȟȘȢȈȑȡȕȚȢȒĮʌȩIJİȤȞȚțȠȪȢ
IJȘȢ$ULHWHȫıIJİȞĮĮʌȠijİȪȖİIJĮȚȠʌȠȚȠıįȒʌȠIJİ
țȓȞįȣȞȠȢ
ȉȠʌȠșİIJȒıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒıİȑȞĮȤȫȡȠȝİİʌĮȡ-
țȒijȦIJȚıȝȩțĮȚȝİȝȚĮİȪțȠȜĮʌȡȠıʌİȜȐıȚȝȘ
ʌȡȓȗĮ
ȂȘȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦıİȑȞĮțİ-
țȜȚȝȑȞȠİʌȓʌİįȠ
ȉȠȘȜİțIJȡȚțȩțĮȜȫįȚȠįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮȑȡȤİIJĮȚıİ
İʌĮijȒȝİȗİıIJȑȢİʌȚijȐȞİȚİȢ
ȂȘȞ ȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚİȓIJİIJȘ ıȣıțİȣȒıİ ȣʌĮȓșȡȚȠ
ȤȫȡȠ
ȂȘȞĮijȒȞİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒİțIJİșİȚȝȑȞȘıİĮIJȝȠ-
ıijĮȚȡȚțȠȪȢʌĮȡȐȖȠȞIJİȢȕȡȠȤȒȒȜȚȠțȜʌ
Ǿ ıȣıțİȣȒ įİȞ ʌȡȑʌİȚ ȞĮ IJȡȠijȠįȠIJİȓIJĮȚ ȝİ
İȟȦIJİȡȚțȠȪȢȤȡȠȞȠįȚĮțȩʌIJİȢȒĮʌȩțȐʌȠȚĮȟİ-
ȤȦȡȚıIJȒįȚȐIJĮȟȘȝİIJȘȜİȤİȚȡȚıIJȒȡȚȠ
ȂȘȞIJȠʌȠșİIJİȓIJİIJȘȞıȣıțİȣȒʌȐȞȦȒțȠȞIJȐıİ
ʌȘȖȑȢșİȡȝȩIJȘIJĮȢ
ȂȘȞȕȐȗİIJİıIJȠȝʌȠȜȣȜȚțȐįȚĮijȠȡİIJȚțȐĮʌȩIJĮ
ʌȡȠȕȜİʌȩȝİȞĮįȚĮȕȐıIJİIJȘȞİȞȩIJȘIJĮ©ȅįȘȖȓİȢ
ȖȚĮIJȘȤȡȒıȘª
īȚĮ IJȘ ıȦıIJȒ ĮʌȩıȣȡıȘ IJȠȣ ʌȡȠȧȩȞIJȠȢ
ıȪȝijȦȞĮ ȝİ IJȘȞ ǼȣȡȦʌĮȧțȒ ȅįȘȖȓĮ
(8 ʌĮȡĮțĮȜİȓıIJİ ȞĮ įȚĮȕȐıİIJİ
IJȠıȣȞȘȝȝȑȞȠıIJȠʌȡȠȧȩȞİȚįȚțȩijȣȜȜȐįȚȠ
ƷƶƭƚưƵƧƵƫƴƱƦƩƥƞƧƴƣƶƵƜƴ
ƲƧƳƫƥƳƣƷƝƵƩƴƴƶƴƬƧƶƝƴ
$ ǺȐıȘ ) ȆİȓȡȠȚıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢʌȣȡȖȓıțȠȣ
% ȂʌȠȜ *ȆİȡȚıIJȡİijȩȝİȞȠȢʌİȓȡȠȢ
& ȆȡȠıĮȖȦȖȑĮȢ + ȀȠȣȝʌȓȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ
' ȊʌȠįȠȤȒıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢ
ʌȣȡȖȓıțȠȣ
, ǼȞįİȚțIJȚțȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ
E ȆȣȡȖȓıțȠȢ
ƲƳƫƯƣƲƟƵƩƸƳƝƴƩ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞȕȐȗİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒȒIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠIJȡȠijȠįȠıȓĮȢȒʌȐȞȦıİȘȜİ-
țIJȡȚțȐȝȐIJȚĮȒțȠȞIJȐıIJȠijȠȪȡȞȠȝȚțȡȠțȣȝȐIJȦȞ
ȉȠțĮȜȫįȚȠįİȞʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮțȡȑȝİIJĮȚĮʌȩIJȠIJȡĮʌȑȗȚȒIJȠȞʌȐȖțȠ
ǹʌȠijȪȖİIJİIJȠİȞįİȤȩȝİȞȠȑȞĮȝȚțȡȩʌĮȚįȓȞĮʌȚȐıİȚIJȠțĮȜȫįȚȠ
țĮȚȞĮĮȞĮʌȠįȠȖȣȡȓıİȚIJȘıȣıțİȣȒ
ƴǖǎǂǒǍǐnjǝDŽLjǔLj
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİțĮȚıIJİȖȞȫıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮțȠȜȠȣșȫȞIJĮȢIJȚȢȠįȘȖȓİȢʌȠȣ
ĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘȞİȞȩIJȘIJĮ©ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘª
ȈȣȞĮȡȝȠȜȠȖİȓıIJİIJȠȞ ʌȡȠıĮȖȦȖȑĮ &ʌȐȞȦıIJȠȞʌİȡȚıIJȡİijȩȝİȞȠ
ʌİȓȡȠ*
ȉȠʌȠșİIJİȓıIJİIJȘȞȣʌȠįȠȤȒ'ıIJȠțȐIJȦȝȑȡȠȢIJȠȣʌȣȡȖȓıțȠȣ(
ȉȠʌȠșİIJİȓıIJİIJȠȞʌȣȡȖȓıțȠʌȐȞȦıIJȠȞʌȡȠıĮȖȦȖȑĮȠȪIJȦȢȫıIJİȞĮ
ʌİȡȐıİȚȘȣʌȠįȠȤȒ'ıIJȠȣȢʌİȓȡȠȣȢıȣȖțȡȐIJȘıȘȢ)
ƲǒǐljƾǒǍǂǎǔLj
ȆȡȚȞȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȑıİIJİIJȘȞʌȡȠșȑȡȝĮȞ-
ıȘ
ǺȐȜIJİIJȠijȚȢıIJȘȞȘȜİțIJȡȚțȒʌȡȓȗĮʌȠȣʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİȓȞĮȚȖİȚȦȝȑȞȘ
ȆİȡȚıIJȡȑȥIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ+ıIJȘȞșȑıȘ©ǿª
ǹȞȐȕİȚIJȠİȞįİȚțIJȚ-
țȩȜĮȝʌȐțȚȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ,
ȂİIJȐĮʌȩȜİʌIJȐȘıȣıțİȣȒȑȤİȚIJȘȞțĮIJȐȜȜȘȜȘʌȡȠșȑȡȝĮȞıȘ
ƱƦƩƥƞƧƴƸƳƝƴƩƴ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ȂȘȞĮȖȖȓȗİIJİʌȠIJȑIJȠȞʌȡȠıĮȖȦȖȑĮȩIJĮȞțȚȞİȓIJĮȚ
ȌȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțȓIJijı ȓİș ȝțȧȞȒȟș IJȡȜȡȝȑijį (ȓ Ȓȟį ȤȗȢȪ ʍįȢȪȞȡțįȣ
IJȫIJijįIJșȣ). ǿ IJȤIJȜıȤȓ İı ȞʍȡȢıȔ ȟį ȥȢșIJțȞȡʍȡțșȚıȔ ȗțį ijȡ ȝțȬ-
IJțȞȡ IJijıȢıȓȣ IJȡȜȡȝȑijįȣ.
ȋȪıIJİIJȘȜȚȦȝȑȞȘ ıȠțȠȜȐIJĮ ıIJȠ İıȦIJİȡȚțȩ IJȠȣ ȝʌȠȜ %ǹȞ İȓȞĮȚ
ʌȠȜȪʌȘȤIJȒȘıȠțȠȜȐIJĮʌȡȠıșȑıIJİȑȞĮțȠȣIJȐȜȚijȣIJȚțȠȪȜĮįȚȠȪȖȚĮ
ʌĮȡȐįİȚȖȝĮıʌȠȡȑȜĮȚȠ ȉȠȝʌȠȜȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮʌİȡȚȑȤİȚ ʌİȡȓʌȠȣ
ȖȡĮȝȝȐȡȚĮȜȚȦȝȑȞȘȢıȠțȠȜȐIJĮȢ
ȆİȡȚıIJȡȑȥIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ+ıIJȘșȑıȘ³,,´
ȅʌȡȠıĮȖȦȖȑĮȢ
&ĮȡȤȓȗİȚȞĮʌİȡȚıIJȡȑijİIJĮȚǾıȠțȠȜȐIJĮȝİIJĮijȑȡİIJĮȚʌȡȠȢIJĮʌȐȞȦ
țĮȚİțȡȑİȚțĮIJȐȝȒțȠȢIJȠȣʌȣȡȖȓıțȠȣ
ȂʌȠȡİȓIJİ ȞĮ ȕȣșȓıİIJİ ıIJȘ ȜȚȦȝȑȞȘ ıȠțȠȜȐIJĮ ijȡȠȪIJĮ ȝʌȚıțȩIJĮ Ȓ
ȐȜȜĮIJȡȩijȚȝĮȤȡȘıȚȝȠʌȠȚȫȞIJĮȢȑȞĮȟȪȜȚȞȠțĮȜĮȝȐțȚȒȑȞĮʌĮȡȩȝȠȚȠ
ĮȞIJȚțİȓȝİȞȠ ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİ ȝİ ȑȞĮ țȠȣIJȐȜȚIJĮ IJȣȤȩȞ ıIJİȡİȐ țĮIJȐȜȠȚʌĮ
IJȡȠijȓȝȦȞʌȠȣȝʌȠȡİȓȞĮİȝʌȠįȓȗȠȣȞIJȘȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮIJȠȣʌȡȠıĮȖȦȖȑĮ
ƮƧƵƚƵƩƸƳƝƴƩ
ȆİȡȚıIJȡȑȥIJİIJȠțȠȣȝʌȓȜİȚIJȠȣȡȖȓĮȢ+ıIJȘșȑıȘ³´
ǹijĮȚȡȑıIJİIJȘıȠțȠȜȐIJĮʌȠȣʌİȡȓııİȥİǹȞșȑȜİIJİȞĮȟĮȞĮȤȡȘıȚ
ȝȠ-
ʌȠȚȒıİIJİIJȘıȠțȠȜȐIJĮijȣȜȐȟIJİIJȘȞıİȑȞĮȝʌȠȜȩıȠİȓȞĮȚĮțȩȝĮȣȖȡȒ
ȀĮșĮȡȓıIJİIJȘıȣıțİȣȒĮȝȑıȦȢȝİIJȐIJȘȤȡȒıȘ
ǹțȠȜȠȣșİȓıIJİIJȚȢȠįȘ-
ȖȓİȢʌȠȣĮȞĮȖȡȐijȠȞIJĮȚıIJȘȞİȞȩIJȘIJĮ©ȀĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘª
ƬƣƪƣƳƫƴƮƟƴƬƣƫƴƶƯƵƝƳƩƴƩ
ȉĮțIJȚțȒıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘțĮȚțĮșĮȡȚıȝȩȢIJȘȢıȣıțİȣȒȢIJȘȞįȚĮIJȘȡȠȪȞıİȐȡȚ-
ıIJȘțĮIJȐıIJĮıȘȖȚĮȝİȖȐȜȠȤȡȠȞȚțȩįȚȐıIJȘȝĮ
Ʋǒǐǔǐǘƿ
ǵȜİȢȠȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪʌȠȣĮȞĮijȑȡȠȞIJĮȚʌĮȡĮțȐIJȦʌȡȑʌİȚ
ȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪȞIJĮȚȝİıȕȘıIJȒıȣıțİȣȒțĮȚĮijȠȪȕȖȐȜİIJİIJȠijȚȢĮʌȩ
IJȘȞʌȡȓȗĮ
ǵȜİȢȠȚİȡȖĮıȓİȢțĮșĮȡȚıȝȠȪțĮȚıȣȞIJȒȡȘıȘȢʌȡȑʌİȚȞĮİțIJİȜȠȪ-
ȞIJĮȚȩIJĮȞȑȤİȚțȡȣȫıİȚIJİȜİȓȦȢȘıȣıțİȣȒ
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